Oral human cytomegalovirus prevalence and its relationships with periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective This study aimed to clarify the association between oral human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and periodontitis in Japanese adults. Methodology In total, 190 patients (75 men and 115 women; mean age, 70.2 years) who visited Hiroshima University Hospital between March 2018 and May 2020 were included. Oral rinse samples were taken to examine the presence of HCMV DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). P. gingivalis was detected by semi-quantitative PCR analysis. Results HCMV DNA was present in nine of 190 patients (4.7%). There were significant associations between HCMV presence and the presence of ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with bleeding on probing (BOP) (P<0.01) and ≥6-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (P=0.01). However, no significant relationship was observed between HCMV presence and periodontal epithelial surface area scores. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP was significantly associated with HCMV (odds ratio, 14.4; P=0.01). Propensity score matching was performed between patients presenting ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (i.e., active periodontitis) and patients without ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP; 62 matched pairs were generated. Patients who had ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP showed a higher rate of HCMV presence (9.7%) than those who lacked ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (0.0%). There was a significant relationship between HCMV presence and ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (P=0.03). A significant relationship was found between HCMV/P. gingivalis DNA presence and ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (P=0.03). Conclusions Coinfection of oral HCMV and P. gingivalis was significantly associated with active periodontitis. Moreover, interactions between oral HCMV and P. gingivalis may be related to the severity of periodontal disease.

Efecto del tratamiento periodontal sobre la microbiota subgingival en pacientes con preeclampsia / Effect of periodontal therapy on the subgingival microbiota in preeclamptic patients

Introducción. Pocos estudios han descrito la microbiota subgingival en mujeres embarazadas con preeclampsia leve. Objetivo. Identificar cambios periodontales y de la microbiota subgingival en mujeres embarazadas con preeclampsia, después del tratamiento periodontal. Materiales y métodos. En un análisis secundario de un ensayo clínico de asignación aleatoria, se estudiaron 57 pacientes con preeclampsia en el Hospital Universitario del Valle de Cali. Se asignaron al azar 31 al grupo de intervención periodontal (detartraje y alisado subgingival ultrasónico y manual) durante su embarazo y otras 26 al grupo control (profilaxis supragingival). Se determinaron los parámetros clínicos periodontales y la microbiota subgingival a la inclusión al estudio y en el posparto. Se evaluaron 8 bacterias periodontopáticas y 2 virus herpes por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Se usaron las pruebas de ji al cuadrado, test de McNemar o t de Student, con un nivel de significancia de p≤ Resultados. Los grupos fueron comparables en las variables clínicas y microbiológicas al inicio del estudio. El tratamiento periodontal redujo el promedio de la profundidad de bolsa en el grupo de intervención de 2,44±0,31 a 2,31±0,24 mm (p=0,000) y en el grupo control de 2,58±0,37 a 2,44±0,39 mm (p=0,000),y el índice de sangrado, de 16,4±1,5 a 7,9±0,7 % en el primero (p=0,000), y de 17,1±1,8 a 10±0,9 %, en el segundo (p=0,002). La frecuencia de detección de microorganismos no varió de manera significativa entre los grupos. Conclusión. El raspaje y alisado radicular, así como la profilaxis supragingival, redujeron de manera significativa la profundidad a la sonda y el índice de sangrado gingival. El tratamiento periodontal no fue más efectivo que la profilaxis para reducir los organismos periodontopáticos o los virus herpes.

Introduction. Few studies have described subgingival microbiota in pregnant women with mild preeclampsia. Objective. Clinical periodontal and subgingival microbiota changes were identified in pregnant women with mild preeclampsia after periodontal treatment. Materials and methods. In a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, 57 preeclamptic women were studied at Hospital Universitario del Valle in Cali, Colombia. Thirty one women were randomized to the periodontal intervention group (subgingival scaling and planing ultrasonic and manual) during pregnancy and 26 to the control group (supragingival prophylaxis). Periodontal clinical parameters and subgingival microbiota were characterized at the time of acceptance into the study and again at postpartum. Eight periodontopathic bacteria and 2 herpesviruses were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. Chi-square, McNemar or Student´s t tests were used, with a significance level of p≤0.05. Results. Both groups were comparable in the clinical and microbiological variables at baseline. Periodontal treatment reduced the average pocket depth in the intervention group from 2.4±0.3 to 2.3±0.2 mm (p<0.001) and in control group 2.6±0.4 to 2.44±0.4 mm, (p<0.001) and bleeding index 16.4±1.5% to 7.9±0.7% in the intervention group(p<0.001) and 17.1±1.8% to 10±0.9% in the control group (p=0.002). The frequency of detection of microorganisms did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion. Scaling/root planning and supragingival prophylaxis significantly reduced the probing depth and gingival bleeding index. Periodontal treatment was not more effective than prophylaxis in reducing periodontopathic organisms or herpesvirus.

Prevalencia de herpes virus en bolsas periodontales de pacientes asistidos en la Cátedra de Periodoncia de la FOUNNE / Prevalence of herpes virus in periodontal pockets of patients assisted at the Periodontics Department, FOUNNE

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de herpesvirus humano en la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes concurrentes y asistidos en la Cátedra de Periodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de laUniversidad Nacional del Nordeste y su posible mecanismo histopatológico.El procedimiento fue realizado en el ámbito de la F.O.U.N.N.E., en la Cátedra de Periodoncia lo que se refiere a su faz clínica y en el Laboratorio Central de laProvincia Corrientes la detección microbiológica mediante Nested PCR.Con una población de 30 hombres y mujeres con edades comprendidas entre 25 y 60 años que concurran como pacientes a la Cátedra de Periodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la U.N.N.E. La recolección de datos se hizo a través de métodos de observación,validando, como herramientas metodológicas para el área clínica, la sonda periodontal tipo Marquis e imágenes radiográficas periapicales tomadas con la técnica del paralelo del sector o sectores compatibles con diagnóstico clínico de periodontitis. Se procedió, en el sitio de mayor profundidad de bolsa, a introducir tres conos de papel absorbentes estériles para tomar el contenido, estos conos luego fueron introducidos en medios detransporte específicos y derivados inmediatamente al Laboratorio Central de la Provincia de Corrientes, parael desarrollo del método de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (P.C.R.) sobre las muestras tomadas a cadapaciente a fin de detectar la presencia de los virus. Resultados: Total de pacientes que constituyeron lamuestra: 30 (100 por ciento). Pacientes con herpesvirus (HVS): 5 (17 por ciento). Pacientes sin presencia viral: 25 (83 por ciento). Los sitios infectados con virus presentaron mayor destrucción de tejidos periodontales comparativamente con sitios no infectados.

EBV-1 and HCMV in aggressive periodontitis in Brazilian patients

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the presence of Epstein-Barr virus type 1 (EBV-1) and of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in crevicular fluid samples from deep and shallow periodontal pocket sites of Brazilian patients with aggressive periodontitis. A total of 30 systemically healthy patients with aggressive periodontitis participated in the study. Paper points were inserted into 2 gingivitis sites (< 3 mm) and into 2 periodontitis sites (> 5 mm) in each patient. PCR assay was used to identify genomic copies of HCMV and EBV-1. Twenty-three patients (77 percent) were positive for EBV-1, while only 2 patients (6 percent) were positive for HCMV. The McNemar test revealed a positive association between EBV-1 and periodontal lesions (p = 0.043). Thirty-four (57 percent) out of 60 periodontitis sites were positive for EBV-1, whereas 18 (30 percent) gingivitis sites were positive (p = 0.01). Only two sites (6.7 percent) were positive for HCMV. No positive association was found between HCMV and periodontitis or gingivitis (p = 0.479). The elevated occurrence of EBV-1 DNA in periodontal pockets of patients with aggressive periodontitis supports a possible periodontopathic role of this virus.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a presença do vírus Epstein-Barr tipo 1 (EBV-1) e do Citomegalovírus Humano (HCMV) em amostras de fluido crevicular de bolsas periodontais rasas e profundas de pacientes brasileiros com periodontite agressiva. Trinta pacientes sistemicamente saudáveis com periodontite agressiva participaram deste estudo. Cones de papel foram inseridos em 2 sítios de gengivite (< 3 mm) e em 2 sítios de periodontite (> 5 mm) de cada paciente. Reações de PCR foram usadas para identificar cópias de DNA genômico de HCMV e EBV-1. Em 23 pacientes (77 por cento), os testes foram positivos para EBV-1, enquanto apenas 2 pacientes (6 por cento) foram positivos para HCMV. O teste de McNemar apontou associação positiva entre EBV-1 e lesões periodontais (p = 0,043). Trinta e quatro (57 por cento) dos 60 sítios de periodontites foram positivos para o EBV-1, enquanto 18 (30 por cento) dos sítios de gengivites foram positivos (p = 0,01). Apenas 2 sítios (6,7 por cento) foram positivos para o HCMV. Não foi encontrada associação positiva entre HCMV e periodontite ou gengivite (p = 0,479). A alta ocorrência de DNA de EBV-1 em bolsas periodontais de pacientes com periodontite agressiva corrobora a possível função periodontopática deste vírus.